![]() Two teams will have the weekend off: The Pittsburgh Steelers and the Carolina Panthers. Week 12 marks the final weekend of byes for the rest of the season. The final game on the NFL Confidence Pool Week 12 sheet features the Baltimore Ravens against Drew Brees and the New Orleans Saints on “Monday Night Football.” An NFC East showdown is also on tap as Tony Romo and the Dallas Cowboys collide with Eli Manning and the New York Giants on “Sunday Night Football.” The Sunday afternoon action on the NFL Confidence Pool Week 12 sheet is headlined by a meeting between the defending Super Bowl champion Seattle Seahawks and the Arizona Cardinals. The Minnesota Vikings will be at home to host the Green Bay Packers, while the New York Jets will battle the Bills in Buffalo. In early Sunday games on the NFL Confidence Pool Week 12 sheet, Calvin Johnson and the Detroit Lions will be on the road to face Tom Brady and the New England Patriots. Entering 2014, the teams have split their last six meetings overall. The Chiefs swept last year’s season series and hold a slight 49-47-2 lead in the all-time series between AFC West rivals. ![]() The Chiefs and Raiders have been meeting in NFL games dating back to 1966. Sunday’s action on the NFL Confidence Pool Week 8 sheet wraps up with the Green Bay Packers meeting the Saints in New Orleans. Featured Games on the NFL Confidence Pool Week 12 Sheet In late afternoon action on the NFL Confidence Pool Week 8 sheet, the Indianapolis Colts with collide with the Pittsburgh Steelers, while the Arizona Cardinals will play host to the Philadelphia Eagles. There’s also a standard Week 12 Pick Em sheet available at no charge, complements of. You can download and print the NFL Confidence Pool Week 12 sheet with just a few clicks of your mouse for free. Week 12 of the 2013 NFL season opens up with the Kansas City Chiefs traveling to Oakland to face the Raiders on “Thursday Night Football.” The AFC West showdown is one of a number of big games on the NFL Confidence Pool Week 12 sheet. ![]()
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![]() dual diagnosis treatment for Texas residents.medically monitored alcohol and drug detox.(713) 322-1792 Addiction Recovery Services Available In Houston, Texasīelow are some of the most common behavioral health services available in Houston, TX.ĭrug and alcohol treatment services may include: This recovery center features positive client testimonials. outpatient treatment for adults in Texas. ![]() Cenikor, Houston, TexasĬenikor has an adolescent inpatient addiction treatment program for teens aged 13 to 17 years old. To help narrow down the available choices, our team has selected the following drug rehab centers based on criteria such as accreditations, certifications, Google reviews, and more. List Of Rehab Facilities In Houston, Texas Options for substance abuse treatment include inpatient drug rehab, residential treatment, detox, and more.Īs one of the most populated cities in Texas, Houston offers a wide variety of drug and alcohol rehab facilities for people who are seeking recovery from addiction.Īddiction treatment centers in Texas may feature multiple levels of care as well as evidence-based recovery services such as dual diagnosis treatment and detoxification. Call our office at (540) 932-0333 to request a free discovery session with one of our Waynesboro, VA physical therapists today! We will be happy to meet with you and create a plan for your journey toward health, healing, and pain relief.Houston drug rehab centers provide many services for those entering addiction recovery. Synergy Rehab & Wellness is here to help as one of the most favored Waynesboro, VA physical therapy practices. If you are in the Waynesboro,VA area, or any of the surrounding areas, and you are looking for relief, look no further. We look forward to watching you achieve your recovery, health and fitness goals! With our care and commitment, we know that is possible for anyone who walks through our doors. Our treatment plans are aimed toward the achievement of your goals, taking into account your symptoms, medical history, and any health restrictions you may have. Our success is dependent upon your success, and we strive to create a warm, welcoming environment where you can comfortably heal.Īt Synergy Rehab & Wellness, we have one mission: helping you reach your highest physical potential. ![]() Our Mission:Īt the end of the day, the Synergy Rehab & Wellness team is here to provide support to YOU – the patient. At Synergy Rehab & Wellness, our thorough evaluations lead to successful treatment plans for your pain relief, healing, and future injury prevention needs. ![]() ![]() We use sophisticated diagnostic methods, such as movement investigation and gait analysis, to help determine which services you will benefit from most. Our patients have found high levels of success in our treatment services, due to our implementation of advanced technology and methods. We have a highly experienced team of Waynesboro, VA physical therapists who offer specialized treatment services for any pain, injury, or discomfort you may be feeling. Our office is situated on Commerce Rd, making it commonly frequented spot for physical therapy Waynesboro, VA pain relief. Synergy Rehab & Wellness is located in Waynesboro, VA, with dedicated staff members that are eager to help you recover. ![]() ![]() ![]() Also, provide a weep hole at the bottom of the back box to prevent condensation from collecting on the circuit board. When mounting the 212w outside, use a weatherproof back box and apply silicone to the area where the wires enter the case. IEI recommends using a filtered and regulated power supply Entering your code on keypad 2 unlocks the. Iei 212i keypad programming manual : changing code on iei keypad 11Iei keypad 212r indoor / outdoor surface-mount ruggedized Onq keypad wiring diagramIei 212ilm keypad manual. OTHER DOOR GARD PRODUCTS POWERGARD POWER SUPPLIES PG1224-3 12/24VDC 2.5 Amp Power Supply PG1224-3-C 12/24VDC 2. The diagram above shows how to connect two keypads to control a single door. with indoor, weather resistant and Mullion keypad styles). IEI-293 THREERELAYPLUG-INBOARDwith FORM C,1 amp relays. INSTALLATION IEI-280 WEATHERPROOFSURFACEBACKBOX. Interfaces with any parallel printer for user/door activity logging. Black is the negative and red is the positive. View and Download IEI Technology 212eM installation & programming manual online. and outputs for up to 8 DoorGard Keypads. If you cannot ground the power supply, then you must ground the keypad housing. Affordable single door access control keypad designed to meet the indoor flush mount needs of lighter volume access control environments. To control the LED’s externally cut the four wires going to the green and red LEDs. Wire the transorb in parallel with the lock power terminals.Īlso, to avoid ESD (electro-static discharge) from interfering with the operation of the keypad, ground the negative terminal of the keypad to earth ground. To prevent electrical kick back voltage from damaging the keypad, when using an electrical locking device, you MUST install the transorb as close as possible to the lock. Also, the voltage selection jumper on the main circuit board is no longer required. Iei 212I Keypad Programming Manual : Changing Code On Iei Keypad 11. ![]() 0-211222 IEI International Electronics 212W Membrane Keypad. It comes with Hub Manager® Professional software, has a 12-15 VDC operating power system, a real-time clock, and it includes 800 event buffers.This product was re-designed using a new manufacturing technology, which changed the physical appearance of the keypad electronics. Iei 212i keypad programming manual : features and programming guideIei keypad 212r indoor / outdoor surface-mount ruggedized. The access system accommodates up to 2000 users per door with a network capacity of up to 32 doors per site via RS485 communications. The ProxPad is a fully integrated single door access control system that combines keypad control panel and proximity technology to create a secure access point for entry or exit. Iei keypadIei 212w keypad programming manual Linear llc / iei iei-212i fm212 user indooraccess keypad 0211111 ieiIei 212i keypad programming manual : changing code on iei keypad 11. Door-Gard has the added benefit of being easily programmed with any of our products, thanks to its advanced engineering and design. IEI 2000E Series E Style Flush-mount Backlit Access Control Keypad. Iei 212r door-gard durable metal keypadMulti iei keypad contract corporation monitor hardware security industry door national sign facility should Keypad 212r door ruggedized surface indoor mount outdoor gard alone stand iei systemsKeypad access control iei kaba lock gokeyless wiegand electronics locks door manual. IEI PIP12VDCRU Regulated Plug-in 12 VDC Power Supply. 1 TESTING THE KEYPAD Connect the positive (+) lead of your power supply to the terminal strip (TS1) +V input. Door-Gard is an electronic lock that is being successfully utilized by thousands of companies throughout the world for stand- alone operations. IEI 212W Indoor / Outdoor Flush-mount Weather Resistant Membrane Keypad. This includes the top-rated security keypad lock known as the Door-Gard, one of our most popular, high-quality security system solutions. Whatever your specific environment or application, we have a broad, proven selection of Access Control System devices and accessories. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() The team with offices in Switzerland (Zurich), Germany (Erlangen), USA (Chicago) and Czech Republic (Brno) is very committed to maintain close contact to the agricultural industry and to engage with the community. GIANTS Software is an international video game developer and publisher from Switzerland established in 2004 and known worldwide for creating the popular Farming Simulator series. Visit the official Farming Simulator website and the GIANTS Software press area for more information. Farming Simulator 23 is available for Nintendo Switch, iPhone, iPad, and Android™ devices, these mobile versions are available at the Nintendo eShop for Nintendo Switch, in the App Store and on Google Play respectively. Similar to the main line series, for which GIANTS Software has already released six free content updates for its latest entry Farming Simulator 22, the publisher and developer will continue to deliver new content and more updates for the mobile version of Farming Simulator 23.įarming Simulator 22 is available for PC, Mac, PlayStation®5 (PS5™), Xbox Series X|S, PlayStation®4 and Xbox One. Gessner Industries - Two Row Billet Planter. ![]() Case IH - AUSTOFT 8800 MULTI-ROW (in-app purchase on mobile devices).Increasing the existing vehicle list of already more than 100 machines in the game, GIANTS Software adds four more options to the virtual dealership and introduces Australian agricultural manufacturer Gessner to Farming Simulator 23. Of course, special equipment is required to plant and harvest sugarcane and is also included in the update. A trailer presents the additions to the acclaimed farming game.Īdded to the list of well over a dozen crops in Farming Simulator 23, sugarcane yields some specific benefits: It grows back after harvesting without plowing or cultivating necessary. Virtual farmers enjoy new content as publisher and developer GIANTS Software delivers the second free update for Farming Simulator 23 on Nintendo Switch™ and mobile devices. Continued abuse of our services will cause your IP address to be blocked indefinitely.December 05th, 2023 New Crop & Machines for Farming Simulator 23: GIANTS Software Releases Free Content Update Please fill out the CAPTCHA below and then click the button to indicate that you agree to these terms. If you wish to be unblocked, you must agree that you will take immediate steps to rectify this issue. If you do not understand what is causing this behavior, please contact us here. If you promise to stop (by clicking the Agree button below), we'll unblock your connection for now, but we will immediately re-block it if we detect additional bad behavior. Overusing our search engine with a very large number of searches in a very short amount of time.Using a badly configured (or badly written) browser add-on for blocking content.Running a "scraper" or "downloader" program that either does not identify itself or uses fake headers to elude detection.Using a script or add-on that scans GameFAQs for box and screen images (such as an emulator front-end), while overloading our search engine.There is no official GameFAQs app, and we do not support nor have any contact with the makers of these unofficial apps. Continued use of these apps may cause your IP to be blocked indefinitely. This triggers our anti-spambot measures, which are designed to stop automated systems from flooding the site with traffic. Some unofficial phone apps appear to be using GameFAQs as a back-end, but they do not behave like a real web browser does.Using GameFAQs regularly with these browsers can cause temporary and even permanent IP blocks due to these additional requests. If you are using the Brave browser, or have installed the Ghostery add-on, these programs send extra traffic to our servers for every page on the site that you browse, then send that data back to a third party, essentially spying on your browsing habits.We strongly recommend you stop using this browser until this problem is corrected. The latest version of the Opera browser sends multiple invalid requests to our servers for every page you visit. ![]() The most common causes of this issue are: Your IP address has been temporarily blocked due to a large number of HTTP requests. ![]() ![]() ![]() There is such a thing as deadly sin, about which I do not say that you should pray. This is only for those whose sin is not deadly. John tells us, “If anyone sees his brother sinning, if the sin is not deadly, he should pray to God and he will give him life. it is a graver sin to murder someone than to lie to someone). We know that some sins are graver than others (e.g. The first condition, that a mortal sin is of grave matter, means that certain premeditated offenses against God are more severe than others. This means that mortal sins are “premeditated” by the sinner and thus are truly a rejection of God’s law and love. This means that mortal sins cannot be done “accidentally.” A person who commits a mortal sin is one who knows that their sin is wrong, but still deliberately commits the sin anyway. Mortal sin is committed with deliberate consent of the sinner Mortal sin is committed with full knowledge of the sinner In order for a sin to be mortal, it must meet three conditions: A person who frequently indulges in venial sin is very likely to collapse into mortal sin if they persist in their evil ways. However, venial sin does weaken grace in the soul and damages our relationship with God. ![]() The second type of sin, venial sin, that of less grave matter, does not cut us off from Christ. Paul’s letter to the Hebrews tell us that “if we sin willfully after having the knowledge of the truth, there is now left no sacrifice for sins” (Hebrews 10:26). By their very grave nature, a mortal sin cuts our relationship off from God and turns man away from his creator. Mortal sins destroy the grace of God in the heart of the sinner. We call the most serious and grave sins, mortal sins. Yet, Jesus makes a distinction between two types of sins. “Amen, amen, I say to you: If any man keep my word, he shall not see death forever.”Īll sin is an offense against God and a rejection of his perfect love and justice. List of Mortal Sins Every Catholic Should Know ![]() ![]() ![]() QGtkStyle::drawControl(QStyle::ControlElement, QStyleOption const*, QPainter*, QWidget const*) const QCleanlooksStyle::drawControl(QStyle::ControlElement, QStyleOption const*, QPainter*, QWidget const*) const QWindowsStyle::drawControl(QStyle::ControlElement, QStyleOption const*, QPainter*, QWidget const*) const QCommonStyle::drawControl(QStyle::ControlElement, QStyleOption const*, QPainter*, QWidget const*) const QGtkStyle::drawPrimitive(QStyle::PrimitiveElement, QStyleOption const*, QPainter*, QWidget const*) const QPainter::drawPixmap(QPointF const&, QPixmap const&) /src/xcb_io.c:179: dequeue_pending_request: Assertion `!xcb_xlib_unknown_req_in_deq' failed. Most likely this is a multi-threaded client and XInitThreads has not been calledĪvidemux3_qt4. Unknown request in queue while dequeuing QPixmap: It is not safe to use pixmaps outside the GUI threadĪvidemux3_qt4: Fatal IO error 11 (Resource temporarily unavailable) on X server :0. SubAss::getNextFrame(unsigned int*, ADMImage*) usr/bin/avidemux3_qt4(_ZN20ADM_videoFilterQueue9runActionEv+0x9f) :3::0 usr/lib/ADM_plugins6/videoFilters/libADM_vf_ssa.so(_ZN6subAss12getNextFrameEPjP8ADMImage+0x352) :2::0 ass files.Īs I said before, it's not always the same error, but this is what I've seen several times : I was not able to test it outside of aegisub since VLC has major issues with. ass file has been created with aegisub and contains script and \move effect mainly. srt for testing and it worked (although the video is not what I need obviously). If I don't include the subtitles file, it works. ass file of the other video (that works sometimes) with the problematic video and it crashes all the time. The video seems to start at 00:00:00 (no hole) for what I understand. ass subtitles file : sometimes it works, sometimes not.īut this one (longer : 27 minutes compared to around 4 minutes) never worked. I've tried with different settings I've found in this forum.ĭesperately, I also tried the driver from AMD and the open source one for my ATI video card. I've tried with other ouput formats (.mkv and others) I've tried Resample FPS to 30.0 (as mentionnend in a post) I've tried other video output : Mpeg4 ASP (xvid4) / Mpeg4 ASP (ff) / other formats as well ass format file (need special effects only allowed in. Here is what I'd like to do with my MP4 video file : It crashes, not always with the same errors, sometimes I have a popup that shows the errors, sometimes not, sometimes I can't see the errors since it closes the terminal window automatically (never found any log file neither). I downloaded and compiled the sources from FossHub. the last 4 versions of Jan Gruuthuse for 14.04.4 LTS Processor AMD E-350 Dual Core, ATI Radeon HD 6310 I tried to make avidemux 2.6.12 to work with a video for the last week 1/2 but it crashes all the time at around 10%. I wanna give maximum info, hope it's not too much. ![]() ![]() ![]() country, region, community) using randomly distributed dots.Ī dot can denote one individual and that’s a one-to-one dot density map. ![]() With dot-density maps we display the distribution of quantities within a polygon (i.e. Up to this point we used different shapes to display population size but we didn’t really show population density. If you’d like to make the other two types of cartograms, non-contiguous and Dorling cartogram have a look at my full code here. One thing to keep in mind is that this package doesn’t work with the coordinate reference systems based on degrees so you first need to transform your shapefile into another system. We only need to pass the weights ( pop_1000s feature) as well as the number of iterations for the cartogram algorythm. We use a convenient cartogram package that creates the distortion with a blink of an eye. In the following lines, we mainly focus on contiguous cartograms. There are several types of cartograms such as contiguous, non-contiguous, and graphical. This helps us minimize the tendency to attach more importance to territorially greater areas. Higher quantity goes hand in hand with enlarged polygons while smaller values correspond to shrinking geometries. A cartogram is the type of map that distorts the shape of polygon to depict the quantity of a feature. So far, we created maps with regular shapes but cartograms do the opposite. This is a good practice if you have multiple overlapping points. In the current setup, we also manually decrease the alpha value of our points to 0.5 to create transparent bubbles. To avoid this confusion, we opt for a single color value and allow the bubble size to vary. But be mindful that the colors might not correspond to the point sizes since we use a continuous scale and the two features can vary independently of each other. Next, we use the size as the main aesthetics feature and select a color value from our palette.Īnother option would be to define the color as the aesthetics feature and use the whole palette. Mapping = aes (x = long, y = lat, label = NAME_LATN ) ,įinally, we are ready to create the bubble map! We also use polygons in the background though some of you may want to remove this line. For simplicity’s sake, we transform it to thousands and define the limits and breaks. So, instead of population per square kilometer we use population count. This helps us reduce the bias caused by different area size in choropleth maps where big regions tend to steal our attention. Every circle is going to be centered on their respective region to show population size. In our case, we will use circles to represent regions. Similar to choropleth maps, bubbles visualize the size of geographic coordinates or larger geographic units. Keyheight = unit ( 1.15, units = "mm" ) ,Īnother common way to display population density is a bubble map. In this tutorial, we first summon several essential packages: tidyverse and sf for spatial analysis and data wrangling package classInt will help us construct fine breaks based on equally sized data points cartogram package assists us in creating pretty cartogram maps while rayshader is instrumental for making spike maps, which we have already used here finally, we’ll use giscoR and eurostat library to import Eurostat boundaries and data into R. We start off with several standard techniques such as polygons, points and cartogram and conclude with coooler alternatives such as the dot-density plot and spike map.īuckle up, this is going to be a long one! Load packages These data are organized on the regional level, allowing us to chart out the within-country variation. If I had a penny for every time this popped up in my feed, I’d be filthy rich □.Īnyways, we’ll use Eurostat’s latest population data on the NUTS3 level (caveat reader, it’s not what you think) to map the population of Germany□□. Some would even argue that nearly every map is a population map. Mapping population comes in different forms and it’s one of the most popular social media topics. In this tutorial, I’ll show you 6 easy ways to map population with R. In the coming years, the growth will be concentrated in 9 countries in Africa, Americas and Asia. Our world has reached 8 billion people last November, according to the United Nations! □ And this report expects the world to become a host to nearly 10 billion people by 2050, and over 11 billion in 2100. 6 easy ways to map population density in R Janu| Milos Popovic ![]() ![]() ![]() The package contains a large number of functions necessary for modern time management. It was originally developed only by Sony and is now owned by magix. Vegas Pro is one of the most prestigious video editing software. I think this help is an opportunity for you to get Sony Vegas Pro 10 the serial number, patching and authentication package that was developed for Sony Vegas Pro 10 will work.ĥ) Using Digital Insanity Keygen is completely safe, don’t be afraid of malware or PCs But I tried this at the time with no success. and some YouTube clients show that they are using this keygen again and change the first 3 messages to “1R8” as Sony Vegas Pro 10 series starts with 1R8 -MZH7. So here is the clear information.Ģ) No need for another patch file to fix it, Digital Insanity Keygen is enough to register.ģ) Remember the word “Run administrator” when starting the Digital Insanity keygen, otherwise the patch and request will fail.Ĥ) Never need to use serialnumber, fix and authenticate Sony Vegas Pro 9, and there is no need to distinguish the serial number, for example: 1HF-G8VQ-70KK -MZH7 will probably be the serial number for Sony. Some patches for Sony Vegas Pro 10 use the patch for Sony Vegas Pro 9, this is not required. I have seen many YouTube videos of recording Sony Vegas Pro 10.0, but most kids show that they use a different patch file to install the patch and then go back to using Digital Insanity Keygen to help you set the serial number and authentication. It is important to remember that “Run as administrator” is required when creating Digital Insanity keys, otherwise the fix will fail and the authentication serial number will often not be accepted. This is an example from several tutorials that says change the first two or three letters to 1R8 and make sure those people are using Pro Vegas 9. If you find the Sony Vegas Keygen patch error has been fixed, this guide should help you. Click "Repair" to start the repair processĭownload this software and fix your PC in minutes. Solution 1: Check The Correct Internet Connection.What Does The Message “There Was An Error Starting Vegas Pro” Mean?. ![]() IMPORTANT! INFORMATION REQUIRED TO HELP YOU How Can I Reset Vegas to Default Settings? How do I Get Firewire DV/HDV Capture Working? Other Published Resources Compiled by Nick, Set, et al My free dual range RGB YUV grayscale and stepwedge for handoff, screens, and printersīetter Clipping Demo (using Photoshop Action) Original compilation of YUV Levels resources (2011) by amendegw and jazzy (Archive, a few broken links)Ī useful printer, monitor, and video levels target. Monitor and Viewing Conditions for Color Correcting (not updated yet) Seven Lossless Codecs Rendering Comparison (2011) RGB / YUV Intermediate Codec Shootout - 2018 Wagging the Dog - Effects of Hyperoptimal Upload Bitrates on Youtube Quality Monitor Calibration on the Cheap - a Windows 10 Tutorial HDR to 8 Bit Grading Tip - Reclaiming the Shadows ![]() Why don't my broadcast and PVR recordings work in Vegas? UPDATED ~~ Fixing the "Pale Screen of Misery" ~~ Note: Set the Youtube Player to 720p (it defaults to 360p)Īdding Player Chapter Markers to MP4 files Highlight Reel 2000-2010 (Deinterlaced and Upscaled to 720p from NTSC DVD) Regional Music Direction / Production Credits: West Side Story (1996), The Who's Tommy (1998), Anything Goes (1998, 2000), Personals (2000), Suds (2001), Broadway Then and Now (2001), Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat (2002), Fiddler on the Roof (2003), Little Shop of Horrors (2004), South Pacific (2005), Hello, Dolly! (2005), Grease! (2006), The Sound of Music (school, 2007), Jesus Christ, Superstar (2007), A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum (2008), The Fantasticks (2009), The Enlightenment (Regional Premiere, 2010) Technicolor Corp., Eastman Kodak, Inc., Noritsu, Pako, Hope Industries, Gretag Macbeth, CPI, Pallas Chicago/Denver, Phototron, QMI, Royal Color. Film and Imaging QA / Technical & Training Certifications Vegas Editor since 2001 (Sonic Foundry Vegas Video 2) Vegas/VEGAS ownership/version releases (see also the changelog here) Movie Studio 18 support (all Movie Studio versions later than #17) Transfer of license (see to the end of that thread) How do I search the forum (some tips) also here Purchasing details VEGAS 365 subscriptions and Full detailsĪny questions about an Online Shop order or consultation contact ( /int/ ) Revoke order / return / Right of Withdrawal (outdated) Online Live Chat Pre-sales and registration help VEGAS Movie Studio - Try before you buy! (applies to VEGAS Pro as well) VEGAS Pro FAQs and TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDES Vegas Creative Software in Madison WI US: CST (UTC -6h) from until My Time Zone (FI) EET (UTC +2h) from (DST end) until (DST start) ![]() I don't work for VEGAS Creative Software. ![]() ![]() ![]() Today the Elder Futhark runes are used as a way to connect with an individual's higher self, intuition, or a method of fortelling what the future will hold. The word rune comes from the Germanic word for mystery or secret, and it was believed the runes held divination powers and were taken very seriously in the Norse culture. The Norse people carved their stories from this alphabet and. The runes were believed to be used for practical and magical purposes, with many believing the runes were used in rituals and fortune telling. The Elder Futhark Runes are an ancient alphabet of 24 symbols, each with unique meaning and power. It represents new beginnings and movable wealth such as money and credit. The third group was ruled by Tyr, the god of war and justice. Casting meaning: Fehu is a rune of power and control. ![]() The second group was ruled by Heimdall, the watchman of the gods, who lived at the entry to Asgard (home of the gods) and guarded the Bifrost (rainbow bridge). The first group of eight was ruled by Freyr and Freyja, the gods of fertility, love, and battle. It continues to symbolize the ‘i’ sound, reflecting the enduring nature of stillness, clarity, and the challenges that come with it. The 24 runes are typically arranged in three groups of eight, known as an ætt (similar to clan or family), ruled over by a Norse god or goddess. As the Elder Futhark slowly transformed into the Younger Futhark, also known as Norse runes, around the 7th and 8th centuries, Isa, representing ice or stillness, remained unchanged. ![]() There are 24 runes in the Elder Futhark, representing a phoneme (sound). The Elder Futhark rune writing system has been found on artifacts including weapons, jewelry, tools, plates, amulets, and runestones. The runic alphabets are called “futharks” after the first six runes (Fehu, Uruz, Thurisaz, Ansuz, Raidho, Kenaz), in the same way that the word “alphabet” comes from the names of the first two Semitic letters (Aleph, Beth). The Elder Futhark is the oldest form of the runic alphabets, and primarily used by the Germanic tribes, including those in Scandinavia, between the 2nd and 8th centuries. The three best-known runic alphabets are the Elder Futhark ( c. South Georgia & South Sandwich Islands (GBP £) ![]() ![]() ![]() Project teams may also choose Option 1 for an additional point.
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